Vibrator toy gun



Oct. 9, 1962 J. w. RYAN 3,057,114

A VIBRATOR TOY GUN Filed March 18, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 rOf//v W Ryn/v lN V EN TOR.

Oct. 9, 1962 J. w. RYAN VIBRATOR TOY GUN 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 18, 1958 to//v PV. Ryn/v INVENTOR.

Oct. 9, 1962 J. w. RYAN VIBRATOR TOY GUN 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 18, 1958 {l2/4N W Ryn/v INVENTOR.

Oct. 9, 1962 J. w. RYAN VIBRATOR TOY GUN 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 18, 1958 Oct. 9, 1962 J. w. RYAN VIBRATOR TOY GUN 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 18, 1958 JOHN W RYAN INVENTOR. A. HERZ/6 8 JESSUP,

ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent @dice 33651114 Patented Oct. 9, 1962 3,057,114 VIBRATR TY GUN John W. Ryan, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to Mattel, Inc. Filed Mar. 18, 1958, Ser. No. 722,239 3 Claims. (Cl. 46--175) This invention relates to a toy made to simulate a gun, and more particularly an automatic gun, such as an automatic rie or portable machine gun.

This application is la continuation-impart of my copending application entitled Toy Gun, Serial No. 646,- 834, filed March 18, 1957, now Patent No. 2,892,289 issued June 30, 1959.

A toy gun should be made of relatively few parts of simple design for rapid and ecient mass production and assembly operations. It should be simple in operation so that very young children can play with it. To appeal to older children it should very closely resemble its prototype in appearance and mode of operation, including sound and other effects.

At the same time, the toy gun should be perfectly safe for a child to play with, with minimal possibility of injury to himself or his companions when used in play. Furthermore the toy gun mechanism should be rugged and durable in construction to withstand the rough treatment and mishandling to which children typically subject toys in play.

Accordingly, it is an important object of my invention to provide a toy gun of efficient design and simple operation so that a relatively young child can play with it.

Another object is to provide a toy gun of rugged and durable construction, including a minimum number of parts, which is capable of economical mass-production.

A further object is to provide such Ia gun which will dramatically simulate its pnototype, and will at the same time be perfectly safe for a child and his companions in all sorts of play.

Additional objects will become apparent from the following description.

Stated in general terms, my invention comprehends the provision of a toy gun containing a mechanism comprising a rack means together with an operatively associated rocker means wherein linear motion of the former is converted into oscillating movement of the latter. Clapper means, cap tiring means, or other means, individually or in combination, are operatively associated with the rocker means. Power means, such as resilient power spring means, for example, are included to impart linear movement to the rack means. This mechanism is suitably housed in a frame means simulating a gun, preferably of the automatic rifle or portable machine gun type.

A more detailed description of specific embodiments of my invention is given with reference to the drawings, wherein:

FIGURE l is a side elevational view in section showing one embodiment of the toy gun mechanism;

FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 2 2 of FIGURE l;

FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FIGURE l;

FIGURE 4 is a partial perspective View showing the toy gun mechanism of the embodiment shown in FIG- URE l;

FIGURE 5 is a partial side elevational View with portions broken away taken as along a line 5 5 of FIG- URE 3;

FIGURE 6 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 5, but showing the mechanism in a cocking position;

FIGURE 7 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 1 showing another embodiment of the invention;

FIGURE 8 is a vertical sectional view, with parts in elevation, of a further embodiment of this invention;

FIGURE 9 is a fragmentary top plan view of the mechanism in the embodiment illustrated in FIGURE 8, with parts bnoken away for clarity;

KFIGURE l0 is a vertical sectional View as viewed substantially on the line 10-10 of FIGURE 8; and

FIGURE ll is a side view, in elevation, with parts broken away for clarity, illustrating another position of the mechanism.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGURES l to 6, inclusive, of the drawings, a rack 10 having a straight edge 11 on its upper side and teeth 12 on its lower side is slidably disposed between an upper guide strip 13 and lower guide strips 14 and 15, as well as between two guide strips 16 and 17. The guide strips 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 form a guide slot wherein the rack 10 is slidable longitudinally. The rear lower guide member 14 extends only part way along the slot and the front lower guide member 15 also extends only part way. A cocking knob 18, designed for convenient grasping by the fingers, is fixed to the rear portion of the rack 10.

The assembled guide members and rack are mounted in portions of a toy gun frame 19 simulating a gun barrel Z1 and receiver 22. The housing 19 also comprises a hand grip 23 and a magazine Z4. The housing 19 preferably `is made of two half portions 19a and 19b which can conveniently be fitted together after the gun mechanism is mounted therein, as shown. A pair o-f side strips 26 and 27 preferably are mounted inside the barrel 21 and receiver 22 to reinforce the same. The rack 10, guide members 13, 14, 15 16 and 17 and the side strips 26 and 27 preferably are made of metal, such as steel, but can be made `of `other materials, such as plastic materials. The housing 19 preferably is made of plastic material, but may be made of laminated wood, metal or other materials, as desired.

The rear end of receiver 22 is preferably closed and contains a reinforcing block 28. A pin 29 is mounted transversely in the rear portion of receiver 22 to serve as a stop for the rack 10. The rack 10 is provided with a notch 31 to strike against the pin 29 when the rack is pulled backward in the cocking action to be described. The forward end of the barrel 21 is provided with an aperture 32 for insertion -or rem-oval of the rack 10. A pin 33 is mounted transversely in the barrel 21 near the forward end thereof. A coil spring 34 serves as the power means for imparting linear motion forcefully to the rack 10. The forward end of the spring 34 is mounted on pin 33 and the rearward end is mounted on a shank 36 of cocking kno-b 18 between the rack 10 and the knob 18.

A rocker 37 is associated in operative relationship with the rack 10 so that linear motion of the rack imparts a rocking -or oscillating motion to the rocker 37. The

' rocker 37 comprises a beam 38 having an upwardly extending tooth 39 on one end thereof, and another upwardly extending tooth 41 on the other end thereof. Each of the teeth 39 and 41 is adapted to fit between a pair o-f adjacent teeth 12 extending downwardly from rack 10 as best shown in FIGURES 4 and 5. Fastened to beam 38 is a resilient or springy Clapper actuator 42. Also fastened to beam 38 is a rocker support 43. A pivot pin 44 is fixed transversely in an upward extension 46 of the rocker support 43.

The pin 44 extends transversely through a downwardly extending arcuate slot 47 cut through the side wall of the. toy gun housing 19 at the rea-r of barrel 21. The slot 47 is positioned and dimensioned so that when the pin 44 is in the upward end of the slot, as shown in FIGURE 5, teeth 39 and 41 of the rocker 37 are in operative position with respect to the teeth 12 of the rack 10. As best shown in FIGURE 6, when the pin 44 is lowered in the slot 47, the teeth 39 and 41 are removed from operative position with respect to the teeth 12 of the rack. As shown in FIGURE 4, a head 49 is formed on the outer end of pin 44 -to retain the pin in the slot 47.

On a forward extension 51 of the rocker support 43, bent at right angles thereto, is attached the upper end 52 of a spring mass member 53 having a mass 54 fastened to the lower end thereof. The spring mass member 53 is made to impart inertial force to the rocker 37 so that a desired frequency of oscillation will be imparted to the rocking motion as the rack 10 is impelled from a rearward position in receiver 22 to a forward position in barrel 21 by the tension in coil spring 34.

A rearwardly extending portion 56 of rocker 37 is pointed to it into a notch 57 cut in the upper end of trigger 58. The notch 57 is cut at a cooperating angle similar to that of the point on the rearward extension 56 so that the trigger will tightly engage the rearward extension 56 and stop any rocking motion of the rocker 37 when the trigger 58 is in a forward position as urged under the tension in a loaded spring 59 mounted on a pivot point 61. The spring 59 normally is loaded with one end thereof bearing against the bottom of grip 23 and 4the other end thereof bent transversely and bearing against the backside of trigger 58, as shown in FIGURE l.

An arcuate portion 62 of the trigger 58, formed on the forward side thereof, extends through a slot cut in the forward end of the grip 23, near the top thereof. When the trigger 58 is urged rearwardly to the position shown in phantom in FIGURE l, the rocker support 43 is disengaged at the rearward extension 56 thereof, and the beam 37 is set into a rocking or oscillating motion, as shown in phantom in FIGURE 1. When the pressure on trigger 58 is again released by removing the finger from arcuate nger portion 62 thereof, the spring 59 again urges the trigger and notch 57 into engagement with the rear portion 56 of the rocker support 43 to stop the rocking motion.

While the rocking motion is in progress, the clapper actuator 42, on its rearward swing, strikes the upper side of an angular member 50 of a spring clapper 60. The clapper 60 is secured as by riveting at its lower end to the rear wall or diaphragm 64 of magazine 24 as by a rivet 65. The lower end 55 of the clapper actuator 42 strikes the side of angular member 50, and, because of the flexibility of the clapper actua-tor 42, and the material in the angular member 50, the lower end S of the actuator slips over the upper angular surface of angle 50 and snaps behind the end 45 thereof, as best shown in phantom in FIGURE l. During its forward swing, the lower end 55 of actua-tor 42 carries the Iangular member 50 forward part of the way through its forward swing because of its engagement with the end 45, as best shown in FIGURE l. Because of the resilience of actuator 42, the end 55 thereof again slips free of the end 45 of the angular member 50.

When the angular member 50 is released from the lower end 55 of the actuator 42, it snaps rearward sharply causing a resilient strip portion 63 of the clapper to strike resoundingly against the diaphragm 64 of the magazine 24. This results in the production of a sharp cl-ap resem-bling the sound of a shot or an exploding cap. As the rocking motion of rocker 43 continues, this sharp clapping sound is repeated cyclically. These clapping sounds are produced in rapid succession as long as the trigger 58 is pressed into the grip 23. Each sound accompanies each cyclic movement of the rocker 37 until the rack is fully drawn forward, or until the trigger 58 is again released so that spring 59 urges it to engage and hold the rearward extension 56 of rocker support 43 in notch 57.

To cock the gun, the cocking knob 18 is grasped between the fingers and pulled rearwardly. When the rear end of the rack 10 engages the pin 29, as shown in FIG- URE 1, the spring 34 is fully cocked. As a rearward pull is applied to rack 10, the teeth 12 of the rack engage the forward tooth 41 of the rocker 37 and urge the rocker backward against the trigger 58. In so doing, the pivotA pin 44 of the rocker is caused to slide downward in slot 47, as best shown in FIGURE 6. This permits a free motion of the rack 10 rearward into the receiver 22 as force is applied to cocking pin 182 to pull it toward the rear of the gun. The gun is then cocked and ready for the initiation of a series of rapid re sounds by pressing the curved portion 62 of the trigger 58 into the grip 23, as previously described. Manifestly the gun can be partially cocked to `any desired extent as well as fully cocked at the option of the user to give long or relatively short bursts by this means as well as by selective trigger manipulation to achieve variability in the play action.

The shank 36 of the cocking knob extends through an elongate slot 66 in the housing 19. This is best shown in FIGURE 7. The forward end of the slott 66 and the transverse pin 33 at the forward end of barrel 21 serve as stops and prevent any possibility of the rack 10 shooting forward through the opening 32 in the front end of the barrel 21 when the cocking operation is being performed. This feature and the other features of the gun described above render it safe for the operator and his companions in play.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGURE 7 as applied to a toy gun that -res pellets 87 through an opening SS in the front end of a barrel 89. In this embodiment, the rack 91 is cocked by pulling rearwardly a cocking knob 92 extending through a longitudinal slot formed in the top of the recever 90. A rod 95 is formed to extend forward from the front end of the rack 91 and to touch the rearmost pellet 87. The pellets are loaded into the gun barrel through an opening until a magazine 110 is filled with pellets and an additional pellet 87 is positiOned for firing at the rear end of passage 120. The magazine and passage 120 are joined by an inclined connecting passage 100.

A plucking member `93 is made to extend forwardly from the front end of rocker 94. The outer end of the plucking member 93 preferably exte-nds forwardly and upwardly as and for a releasable catch or plucker 96. A leaf spring 97 is riveted to the -side of hand grip 98 at 99. The spring 97 is provided with a slot 101 to receive the portion 96 of plucking member 93. Above the slot 101 is formed an angular portion 102 positioned so that the outer end 96 of the plucking member, when urged forwardly in the rocking cycle, slides over the lower side of angular member 102 and through slot 101 to thus engage the spring 97.

When the plucking member A93 is forced to swing backward in the backward half of the oscillatory cycle of the associated rocker mechanism, the spring 97 is flexed rearwardly by the application of a pull through the end 96 of the plucking member 93, until the loading of the spring is sufficient to cause it to slip free of the flared end 96 and to thus snap free of the end 96. As the spring 97 snaps forwardly forcefully in this cycle of the rocking or oscillating motion of the rocker, the associated piston rod 103 also is snapped forwardly to cause a piston 104, attached to the forward end of the rod, to snap forwardly and impel pellet 87 forcefully through the chamber 91 and out of the forward opening 88 of the barrel 89. The upper end of spring 97 is disposed between flanges 106 and 107 so that the piston rod 103 will move back and forth with a back and forth movement of the upper end of the spring 97.

A spring mass 108 is attached to the end of a resilient strip member 109 in a manner -similar to that described in connection with the embodiment of FIGURES 1 through 6 described above. In this case, however, a hammer member 111 is formed on the mass 108. An anvil 112 is mounted at 113 to the bottom of the cartridge chamber 114 adjacent the hammer member 111 so that the hammer strikes the forward side or face of the anvil 112 when the mass 108 swings rearwardly under the rocking or oscillating action of the rocker 94.

Advancement of caps in the strip 119 is accomplished through direct coupling to the rack 91, or by coupling to the rocker mechanism. In a simplified version of the latter, a exible cap advancing member 116 extends down from the rocker 94. As the front end of the rocker 94 swings down and the mass 108 swings rearwardly, the front end 117 of the cap advancing member 116 engages behind an explosive charge 118 in a strip of caps in a roll 119. The roll of caps 119 is mounted on a pin 121 fixed in the side wall of the ammunition chamber 114. As the hammer member 111 strikes the surface of the anvil 112, it discharges an explosive cap charge 118. Before the hammer member 111 falls each time on the anvil 112, a fresh charge is moved into position for that firing operation by the cap advancing member 116.

It will lbe seen, therefore, that the action of firing each explosive cap charge takes place simultaneously on the rearward swing of mass 108 with the rearward swing of the plucking member 93 when a pellet 87 is projected from the opening 88 by spring 97 slipping free from the flared end 96 of the plucking member. Thus, the gun lires a cap synchronously or substantially simultaneously with the shooting of each pellet.

In another embodiment, the cap ring mechanism of the embodiment in FIGURE 7 is replaced by the clapping mechanism shown in the embodiment of FIGURES l through 6, and likewise synchronously shoots pellets and produces an accompanying shot-like report from the snapping action of the clapper 60 against diaphragm 64.

Referring to FIGURES 8, 9, l0 and ll, there is illustrated another embodiment of this invention comprising a housing generally referred to by the numeral 150 including a barrel portion 151, a grip portion 152 and an acoustic chamber 153. The housing 158 is formed with a generally hollow construction and simulating a gun in its outer appearance, the acoustic chamber 153 simulating a magazine as is commonly -seen in an automatic gun. The housing is preferably made similarly to the housings previously described whereby opposing halves 150a and 150b are cemented or otherwise secured as along a vertical parting line 154.

A frame member 156 is secured within the housing 150 as by transverse pins or posts 157 extending therethrough, and includes a longitudinal member 158 sandwiched between a pair of opposed plates 159. The plates 159 may be secured to the longitudinal member 158 as by rivets 161, or the like, at the upper region thereof to form a space or slideway between the plates 159 at the lower region thereof in which a rack 162 is slidingly disposed.

The rack 162 comprises a relatively flat strip of metal, or other suitable material, which is provided at its lowermost edge with a plurality of notches 163, forming teeth 164 therebetween. The rack 162 is further provided with a depending integral stop member 166 at one end thereof with a transversely extending guide member 167 secured to, or integral with, the other end thereof.

To impart linear movement to the rack 162, a coiled compression spring 168 is disposed between the guide member 167 and a depending tab 169 of the longitudinal member 1158. A rod 171 of cylindrical or other configuration is preferably provided on the frame 156 to support the spring 168 in a horizontal plane and for this purpose is secured at one end thereof to the depending tab 169 and extends slidably through an aperture 176 of the guide member 167. The spring 168 is thusly supported between the tab 169 and the guide member 167 to exert an extension force therebetween when in a compressed state.

As will be clearly understood from the foregoing description, the frame 156 which includes the at longitudinal member 158 and plates 159 are immovably secured within the housing 150. The rack 162, having notches 163 at its lowermost edge, is slidingly disposed between the plates 159 for linear movement between the plates,

6 fore and aft of the gun housing and is extensible by the compression spring 168 to eifect a linear movement. 'Ihe stationary rod 171 supports the spring 168 and the outermost end of the rack 162.

To facilitate compression of the spring 168, and thereby position the rack 162 into a spring-loaded position, a handle 172 is secured to the forward edge of the rack, as at the spring keeper 167 and indicated at 173, extending outwardly on the housing as through an elongated slot 174 of the housing half 150:1 and terminating in a knob 176, rotatably mounted on the end thereof. To load the gun; that is, compress the spring 168, the operator grasps the knob 176 and pulls it in a rearward direction, to the right, as viewed in FIGURES 9 and l0, thereby shortening the distance between the tab 169 and the guide member 167.

As best seen in FIGURES 8 and 1l, a rocker means, indicated generally by the numeral 177, is pivotally mounted on the frame 156, as by a pin 178, or the like, between the plate members 159 and adjacent the rack 162. The rocker means 177 includes a pair of upwardly extending detents 179 and 181 which are alternately engageable with the notches 163 of the rack 162 to translate the linear motion of the rack 162 into an oscillatory motion of the rocker means 177. The pin 178 resides in an upper end of an inclined slot 182 formed in the plates 159, when the rack 162 is in a forward linear motion, as caused by the extension of the spring 168, to alternately engage the detents 179 and 181 within the notches 163 similarly to the rocking motion of the detents 39 and 41 of the rocker means 37 described in the first embodiment. The linear motion of the rack 162 cams the -detent 179 downwardly and the detent 181 upwardly to engage another notch 163, and alternately cams the detent 181 downwardly and the detent 179 upwardly to engage the succeeding notch 163, thereby imparting a rocking or oscillating motion to the rocker means 177.

When the knob 176 is drawn rearwardly to spring-load the gun, the teeth 164 of the rack 162 force both detents 179 and 181 downwardly, causing the pivot pin 178 to slide `downwardly within the slot 182. Thus the detents 179 and 181 are disengaged from the notches 163, enabling an operator to reload the gun and reset the rack 162 without imparting an oscillatory movement to the rocker means 17 7.

A trigger 183 is pivotally mounted on the lower portion of the frame 156 as by a transverse pin 184 and includes a depending finger piece or actuator 186 disposed adjacent the grip portion 152 of the housing for manual engagement as by a finger of the operator. The trigger further includes a forwardly-extending latch 187 which is urged upwardly as by a spring 188 to engage a notch 189 of the rocker means 177 and thereby lock the rocker means against movement until the operator of the gun draws the finger piece 186 of the trigger rearwardly to disengage the latch 187 from the notch 189.

On a forward extension 190 of the rocker means 177, and depending therefrom, is attached an upper end 191 of a mass member 192, having a mass 193 secured to the lower end thereof. The mass member 193 is made to impart inertial force to the rocker means 177, similarly to the previous embodiments, so that a desired frequency of oscillation will be imparted to the rocking motion as the rack 162 is impelled from the rearward position within the frame 156 to a forward position by the tension in the compressed coil spring 168.

In this instant embodiment, a clapper 194 of spring steel or other rigid, yet flexible, material is mounted to a rearward extension 196 of the mass member 192, and depending therefrom, providing means for translating the oscillating motion of the rocker means 177 into a clapping, resounding sound. A pawl member 197 is pivotally mounted as at 198 to a depending extension 199 on the frame 156, and includes a rearwardly-extending hook 201 and an inclined cam surface 202 on its upper edge. The pawl member 197 is normally urged upwardly by a torque spring 203 having one end thereof in abutment with the extension 199 and the other end thereof in engagement with the lower edge of the pawl 197 to urge the pawl upwardly to engage the clapper 194 with the hook 201. A pin 204 is secured to the mass member 192 and oscillates with the mass member 192 when the rocker means 177 is oscillated, to cam the pawl 197 downwardly against the force of the torque spring 203, thus disengaging the clapper member 194 and permitting the clapper to strike a diaphragm 206 secured within the acoustic chamber 153.

As the detent 181 is cammed downwardly by the rack 162, the mass members 192 is oscillated to the left, as seen in FIGURES 8 and 1l, removing the pin 204 from contact with the pawl 197 to allow the hook 201 to engage the lower end of the depending clapper member 194. As

the detent 179 is subsequently cammed downwardly by a tooth 164 of the rack 162, the mass member 192 is oscillated in an opposite direction, to the right, carrying with it the clapper member 194. As the mass member 192 continues to the right, the hook 201 latches the pawl member 197 until the pin 204 strikes the cam surface 202, on the upper edge of the pawl 197, to depress the pawl 197 and disengage the hook 201 from the clapper 194. By this means an inertial force is built up in the clapper 194, and when released the clapper will tend to quickly straighten and, by kinetic energy, travel beyond its normal at state, to strike the diaphragm 206 with a great force, thereby emitting a loud noise simulating the report of a bullet or cartridge being tired.

The oscillatory motion of the rocker means 177 and the mass means 192 is subsequently repeated until the rack 162 has been extended to its foremost position as determined by abutment of the depending stop 156 with the detent 181 of the rocker means 177. The trigger means may be held in an unlatched position until the rack 162 reaches its foremost position, emitting a continuous resounding noise, or may be optionally released periodically to emit short periods of noise, as desired.

While I have herein shown and described my invention in what I have conceived to -be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is recognized that departures can be made therefrom within the scope of my invention. By way of example, but not by way of limitation of such departures, the power means may take the form of a compression spring suitably arranged, or optionally, a torque spring transmitting a force to a rotary rack instead of a linear rack to actuate the rocker means. It is likewise recognizable that the actuator 42 may directly transmit a clapping sound to a diaphragm, omitting the clapper, such as 60. The invention is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein, but is to be accorded the full scope of the claims so as to embrace any and all equivalent structure.

Having described my invention, what II claim as new and desire to secure by LettersPatent is:

l. A toy gun comprising: a housing simulating a gun, said housing having a barrel portion, a grip portion and an acoustic chamber resembling a magazine; frame means adapted to reside in said barrel portion of said housing and having an extension member extending into said acoustic chamber; rack means slidably disposed on said frame means; power spring means associated with said rack means for imparting linear motion thereto; handle means on said rack means and extending outwardly of said housing for manual loading of said power spring means; rocker means mounted on said frame means and adapted to oscillate in response to the linear motion of said rack means; spring-urged trigger means associated with said rocker means and adjacent said grip portion for manually starting and stopping the oscillatory motion of said rocker means; clapper means associated with said rocker means and extending into said acoustic chamber for converting the oscillating motion of the rocker means into a clapping sound; and a portion of said clapper means being positioned on said extension member.

2, A toy gun in accordance with claim 1, said clapper means including diaphragm means in said acoustic chamber, and the said portion of said clapper means being spring-urged pawl means operatively associated with a striker member of said clapper means for building up an inertial force therein.

3. A toy gun in accordance with claim 1 wherein said frame means includes means defining an inclined slot; said rocker means includes pivot means for pivotally mounting said rocker means in an upper end of said slot; said rack means includes a plurality of notches; and said rocker means includes a pair of detents alternately engagea-ble with said notches to impart an oscillatory motion to said rocker means for actuating said clapper means, said pivot means being adapted to slide in said slot and away from said rack means during the manual loading of said power spring means for disengaging said detents of said rocker means from said notches of said rack means.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,684,554 Sigg July 27, 1954 2,729,011 Frye Jan. 3, 1956 2,746,643 Spalding May 22, 1956 2,753,079 Hersey July 3, 1956 2,770,916 Sigg Nov. 20, 1956 2,790,260 Douglas Apr. 30, 1957 2,817,329 Wehrfritz Dec. 24, 1957 2,888,004 Steiner May 26, 1959 2,892,289 Ryan .lune 30, 1959 

